Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
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Carl XVI Gustaf (full name: Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus, born 30 April 1946), has been King of Sweden since 15 September 1973, when his grandfather Gustaf VI Adolf died. He is the only son of the late Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His father Gustaf Adolf was killed in an airplane crash on the afternoon of 26 January 1947, at Copenhagen Airport, Denmark.
Unlike many other European monarchs who have extensive styles, King Carl Gustaf's formal and complete style is simply His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. The King's heir apparent, upon passage on 1 January 1980 of a new law establishing equal primogeniture (the first such law passed in European history) is Crown Princess Victoria, the eldest child of the King and his wife, Queen Silvia.
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Birth and early life
Carl Gustaf was born at Haga Palace, Solna, Stockholm County. He was christened at the Royal Chapel on 7 June 1946 by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Erling Eidem, and was given the title of Duke of Jämtland.
His godparents were The Crown Prince of Denmark, The Crown Princess of Denmark, The Crown Prince of Norway, Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, The King of Sweden, Prince Friedrich Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, The Crown Prince of Sweden, The Crown Princess of Sweden, Count Folke Bernadotte af Wisborg and Countess Maria Bernadotte af Wisborg.
Youth and education
Prince Carl Gustaf was born at Haga Palace in Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden, the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden's Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. His father's death in an airplane crash outside Copenhagen, Denmark, on January 26, 1947 left the nine-month-old Prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his great-grandfather King Gustaf V died in 1950, the four-year-old Prince became heir apparent of Sweden.
In a speech[1] in 2005, the King expressed some of his feelings about growing up without having known his father. His sister, Princess Birgitta, elaborated on these feelings in an interview around the same time, commenting that their mother and the strict Swedish royal court of the time didn't consider the emotional needs of Prince Gustaf Adolf's children. In that era, she said, tragedy was seldom discussed with children. "Children’s questions were met with silence, children’s anxiety and fear with the same silence."
As a result, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he had been told about his father's death. "It was Mother’s way of handling the situation, to handle living her life. Of course it was not good for us children. It would have been much better to be able to speak about Father’s death," continued Princess Birgitta. She said it had been difficult for the future King to come to grips with not having a father and of not having the same memories of him as his older sisters.
After graduating from high school, the Crown Prince completed two and a half years of education in the Royal Swedish Army, the Royal Swedish Navy, and the Royal Swedish Air Force. He received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, and he eventually rose to the rank of Captain (Army & Air Force) and Lieutenant (Navy), before he ascended the throne. He has also completed academic studies in history, sociology, political science, tax law, and economics at the universities of Uppsala and Stockholm.
To prepare for his role as the Head of State, Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organisations and institutions, trade unions, and employers' associations. In addition, he closely studied the affairs of the Parliament of Sweden, Government, and Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to the United Nations and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), worked at a bank in London, the Swedish Embassy in London, the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at the Alfa Laval company factory in France.
King
On September 15, 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf. He was invested as King, at the Hall of State of the Royal Palace of Stockholm on 19 September 1973. King Gustaf VI Adolf was the last who used the style By the Grace of God King of the Swedes, the Goths/Geats and the Wends (Swedish: med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung; Latin: Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex). This traditional title had been in use since the establishment of the hereditary monarchy in 1544. Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the plain and simple title King of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Konung), thereby ending an age-old tradition.[2]
Such innovations are reflected in his personal motto, "For Sweden – With the times"[3] (Swedish: "För Sverige – I tiden").[4]
In 2005 the King made a personal and passionate speech about the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which had led to the death of over 500 Swedes.
Regnal name
In the 16th century, Johannes Magnus construed a mythical line of Swedish kings, beginning with Magog, the son of Japheth, in an attempt to substantiate the antiquity of the Swedish throne. Based on that list, King Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) adopted an exaggerated ordinal much higher than that warranted by reliable history. Consequently, previous monarchs named Charles (Karl) have traditionally been numbered by counting backwards from Charles IX, though there only were two before him. Thus the current King of Sweden was proclaimed as Carl XVI Gustaf (counted in English also as Charles XVI, though never called that) but is actually Carl X Gustaf, as there have been only nine Swedish kings named Carl (Karl, Charles) before him.[5]
Official Duties
The King's duties are, according to the 1974 Instrument of Government, of a representative and ceremonial nature. He pays State Visits abroad and receives those to Sweden, opens the Annual Session of the Parliament, chairs the Special Council held during a change of Government, holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister & the Cabinet, chairs the meetings of the Foreign Affairs Council, and receives and signs Letters of Credence of foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. As an important figurehead of Sweden, he voluntarily abstains from voting in general elections.[6]
The King holds the highest ranks in the three branches of the Swedish Armed Forces; this is due to the fact that he was, as stipulated by the 1809 Instrument of Government in effect at the time of his accession to the throne in 1973, the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (§ 14) and therefore he was promoted ex officio from his previously held rank of Captain to General and Admiral; under the provisions of the 1974 Instrument of Government, which became effective on January 1, 1975, he no longer holds this constitutionally mandated position but he kept his ranks à la suite as he no longer has military command authority (except over his military staff at the court).
Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf is probably best known as the presenter of the Nobel Prizes each year. He also hands over the Polar Music Prize. The King holds honorary doctoral degrees from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm School of Economics and from Åbo Akademi University in Finland.
Personal interests
The King is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry.
Like many members of the Royal Family, the King has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns several Porsche 911s — a car model which is said to be a particular favorite of the King — as well as a vintage Volvo PV444, a Ferrari 456M GT, an authentic AC Cobra and other cars.[7] The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident in Norrköping. The accident was described as a "fender bender", with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless, the incident caused national headlines.[8]
Scouting
The King is the Honorary Chairman of the World Scout Foundation, and often participates in Scout activities both in Sweden and abroad. He regularly visits World Scout Jamborees, for instance the 1979 Dalajamb World Jamboree International Encampment hosted by Sweden, the 2002 World Jamboree held in Sattahip, Thailand, and the 100th Anniversary of World Scouting 2007 World Jamboree held in Hylands Park, England.[9] He also attended the 1981 National Scout Jamboree in Virginia, USA, and was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982.
Biofuels research
The King attended the Sweden-Michigan Clean Energy Summit at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Dearborn, Michigan, on 26 September 2008, at the start of a two-day visit to Michigan. He also traveled to Kettering University in Flint, Michigan, for the ceremonial groundbreaking for a biogas plant that will be, when completed, similar to a biogas plant in Linköping, Sweden. On the second day of his visit he toured the test tracks of the Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation, owners of Volvo and Saab respectively.[10]
Marriage and family
The king married Silvia Sommerlath, whose father was German and mother Brazilian and who had grown up in both countries. They met at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where she was an interpreter and host. The wedding was held 19 June 1976 at Stockholm Cathedral in Stockholm, and was preceded the previous night by a concert by ABBA in honor of the occasion, and the ceremony was performed by the Archbishop of Uppsala, Olof Sundby. The King and his family reside at Drottningholm Palace outside of Stockholm since 1980 and use the Royal Palace of Stockholm as their workplace.
They have three children:
- Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Victoria Ingrid Alice Désirée, Duchess of Västergötland, born on 14 July 1977. She was married on 19 June 2010 to Daniel Westling, who was born on 15 September 1973 (the same day that Carl Gustav ascended to the Swedish throne). The wedding took place on her parents' 34th wedding anniversary.
- His Royal Highness Prince Carl Philip Edmund Bertil, Duke of Värmland, born on 13 May 1979.
- Her Royal Highness Princess Madeleine Thérèse Amelie Josephine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland, born on 10 June 1982.
Prince Carl Philip was born heir apparent. However, a constitutional reform that was already under way at the time of his birth made his older sister, Victoria, the Crown Princess and heiress-apparent on 1 January 1980, according to the principles of equal primogeniture, which Sweden was the first country to adopt.[11]
Dyslexia
For many years, it was widely rumoured that the king had dyslexia. Journalists noted that he misspelled his name when signing his accession document, and in 1973, when visiting a copper mine in Falun, he misspelled his name as "Cal Gustf" when signing it on a rock wall. In an interview on Swedish television in 1997 the condition was admitted publicly when his wife addressed the issue. "When he was little, people did not pay attention to the problem," she said. "He didn't get the help he needed." She also noted that the couple's children have "a bit of" dyslexia themselves.
Titles, styles and honours
Title
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The Regal Assurance taken by His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf on September 19, 1973 Administered by Mr. Lennart Geijer, Councillor of State and Head of the Ministry for Justice Unofficial English language translation "We Carl Gustaf, King of Sweden make known: that as the Supreme God has pleased to call away the formerly mightfull, highborn Prince and Lord Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden, the Geats and the Wends, and We, according to and by authority of the Act of Succession as established and enacted by the Estates of the Realm on September 26, 1810, following the illustrious Lord have ascended to the Royal Swedish Throne. Therefore We assure most solemn, and loudly reassure, that We intend to and shall Govern the Realm pursuant to the on June 6, 1809 by the King and the Estates of the Realm jointly enacted and for observance issued Instrument of Government literal direction abide, and to the other Fundamental Laws of the Realm, public laws and legal ordinances. We shall also, conform to the beforementioned Instrument of Government and laws, as a resolute King and a caring father for the Swedish people, throughout a legal, just and lenient Reign, seek to by Our utmost ability to advocate the veritable interests and welfare of the Realm and that of each of its inhabitants, all of which We by free will and following mature consideration have decided to do, We thus confirm this by the written signature of Our name, and by a lively oath, that this We shall adhere to and carry out, so truly help Mine God to life and mind." |
The King’s current title is simply King of Sweden with the style His Majesty. In addition he also holds the personal title of Duke of Jämtland although this title is no longer used after his accession.
Style of reference
Carl XVI Gustaf is usually in contemporary Swedish language use and society referred to as simply "the King" (Swedish: Kungen). In formal events and matters of protocol, he is however referred to as "Your Majesty" (Swedish: Ers Majestät) or "His Majesty the King" (Swedish: Hans Majestät Konungen).
Royal and State Orders received
Lord and Master (and Knight) of the Order of the Seraphim- Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of the Sword
- Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of the Polar Star
- Lord and Master (and Commander Grand Cross) of the Order of Vasa
- Lord and Master (and Knight) of the Order of Charles XIII
Knight with Collar of the Order of the Elephant- Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
Knight of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn
Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose
Grand cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon
Grand Cross with collar of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav.svg.png)
Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold
Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross
Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum
Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great
Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion- Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange
Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle
Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword
Sash Rank of the Star of Romania
1,183rd Knight and Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1983- Grand Cross Collar of the Order of Charles III
Stranger 967th Knight of the Order of the Garter
Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain- Member of The Order of Symbolic Propitiousness Ramkeerati
Other honours
Honorary Admiral, British Royal Navy (Seniority: June 25, 1975)[12]
Patronages
- African Medical and Research Foundation Sweden (AMREF)
- Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK)
- Barnens Dags Riksförbund
- Centralföreningen för Idrottens Främjande i Sverige
- Djurgårdens Hembygdsförening
- Friends of the Nationalmuseum
- Friends of the Swedish Museum of Natural History
- Friluftsfrämjandet
- Föreningen Svenska Atheninstitutets Vänner
- Föreningen Konstnärernas Vänner
- Föreningen för Svenskar i Världen
- Gastronomiska Akademien
- Gripsholmsföreningen
- Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna (IFK)
- Kulturen i Lund
- Kungl. Automobil Klubben
- Kungl. Motorbåt Klubben
- Kungl. Svenska Aeroklubben
- Kungl. Svenska Segel Sällskapet
- Riksföreningen mot Cancer
- Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
- Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg
- Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
- Royal Swedish Academy
- Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
- Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
- Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
- Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
- Royal Swedish Academy of Music
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences
- Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
- Save the Visby Ringwall Campaign
- Stiftelsen Det Naturliga Steget
- Stiftelsen Drottningholmsteaterns Vänner
- Stiftelsen Håll Sverige Rent
- Stiftelsen Stockholm Water Foundation
- Stiftelsen Svenska Flaggan
- Stiftelsen Svensk Våtmarksfond
- Stockholms Konserthusstiftelse
- Stockholms Studentsångarförbund
- Svea Orden
- Svenska Arkeologiska Samfundet
- Svenska Blå Stjärnan
- Svenska Djurskyddsföreningen
- Svenska Jägareförbundet
- Svenska Kennelklubben
- Svenska Livräddningssällskapet - Simfrämjandet
- Svenska Motionsdagen (Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundet)
- Svenska Rominstitutets Vänner
- Svenska Turistföreningen
- Svenska Scoutförbundet och Svenska Scoutrådet
- Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi
- Sverige-Amerika Stiftelsen
- Sveriges Allmänna Konstförening
- Sveriges Hembygdsförbund
- Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbund
- Swedish Bible Society
- Swedish Lions
- Swedish Red Cross
- Swedish Rotary
- Swedish Sports Confederation
- Sångsällskapet Orphei Drängar
- The American-Scandinavian Foundation
- Wilhelm Peterson-Berger Society
- World Scout Foundation
- World Wide Fund for Nature Sweden (WWF)
- Östasiatiska Museets Vänner
Kinship with European counterparts
The king is related to all current European reigning monarchs (at least through John William Friso, Prince of Orange, the most recent common ancestor of today's reigning European royal houses):
| Monarch | closest degree of kinship | closest common ancestors |
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| Queen Margrethe II of Denmark |
first cousin | King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and Princess Margaret of Connaught |
| King Albert II of Belgium |
second cousin once removed | King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway and Princess Sophia of Nassau |
| King Harald V of Norway |
second cousin once removed | King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway and Princess Sophia of Nassau |
| Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom |
third cousin (twice) | Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| King Juan Carlos I of Spain |
third cousin (twice) | Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands |
third cousin | George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Helena of Nassau |
| Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg |
third cousin | King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway and Princess Sophia of Nassau |
 Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein |
sixth cousin | Prince Karl Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth |
 Prince Albert II of Monaco |
seventh cousin | Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden and Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |
Ancestors
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Patrilineal descent
| Ancestors of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden |
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Carl Gustaf's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations, which means that Carl XVI Gustaf is a member of the House of Bernadotte. Unusual for a European monarch, Carl Gustaf's patriline cannot be traced back further than the beginning of the 17th century.
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Matrilineal descent
| Ancestors of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden |
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Carl Gustaf's matrilineal line of descent is the line from mother to daughter.
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See also
- Swedish Royal Family
- Carl XVI Gustaf's ancestors
- List of state visits made by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
- List of national leaders
References
- (Swedish) Ordenskalender 1969 & 1975, Riksmarskalksämbetet, Stockholm.
- ↑ (Swedish) http://wwwb.aftonbladet.se/vss/nyheter/story/0,2789,587642,00.html
- ↑ (Swedish) SFS (1973:702)
- ↑ The Roual Family: H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf
- ↑ Kungafamiljen: H.M. Konung Carl XVI Gustaf
- ↑ Article Karl in Nordisk familjebok
- ↑ (Swedish)Monarkens uppgifter.
- ↑ (Swedish) http://expressen.se/index.jsp?a=573067
- ↑ Swedish king crashes car, The Local, 25 August 2005.
- ↑ [1] The King of Sweden at the Jamboree
- ↑ Detroit Free Press, 27 September 2008.
- ↑ SOU 1977:5 Kvinnlig tronföljd, p.16.
- ↑ Second Supplement to The London Gazette, No. 46627 Monday, 7 July 1975, Retrieved January 18, 2010.
External links
- Ancestry of Queen Silvia of Sweden
- Royal Court of Sweden - Official site
- UNSG Ban Ki-Moon Lays Wreath Honouring Dag Hammarskjold of 1 October 2009 and UN Secretary-General with King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
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Carl XVI Gustaf
Born: 30 April 1946 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Gustaf VI Adolf |
King of Sweden 1973 – present |
Incumbent Heir: Victoria |
| Swedish royalty | ||
| Preceded by Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Skåne |
Heir to the Swedish throne 1950-1973 |
Succeeded by Bertil, Duke of Halland as heir presumptive |
| Preceded by Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Skåne |
Crown Prince of Sweden 1950–1973 |
Vacant
Title next held by
Carl Philip,Duke of Värmland |
| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by Alexis Broschek |
Line of succession to the British throne 192th position |
Succeeded by Carl Philip |
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